List of Articles Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari

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  1 - Hakim Sahba’s Innovative Interpretation of Ibn Arabi’s View of the Seal of Sainthood
  Hossein  Kalbasi Ashtari
  There are some disagreements among the commentators of Ibn Arabi’s works regarding his idea of the seal of saints, and various interpretations have been put forward in this respect. The reason for this variety is that he has introduced different people as the seal of sa More

  There are some disagreements among the commentators of Ibn Arabi’s works regarding his idea of the seal of saints, and various interpretations have been put forward in this respect. The reason for this variety is that he has introduced different people as the seal of sainthood. Among his commentators, only Aqa Mohammad Reza Ghomshei (known as Hakim Sahba, 1234-1306 AH), the theologian philosopher, has succeeded in presenting a reading of Ibn Arabi’s idea of the problem of the seal of sainthood based on an innovative interpretive plan while using a new way of expressing the problem. This interpretation clearly reveals who and what the seal of sainthood is. Hakim Sahba believes that Ibn Arabi considered various applications for the seal of sainthood, and wherever he introduced a specific person as the seal of sainthood, he had a particular application in mind. In Hakim Sahba’s view, Ibn Arabi considered two applications for the seal of sainthood and divided each into two types which are against each other. In the first application, he divided sainthood into absolute and limited ones, and in the second application into general and particular ones. Then he introduced a seal of sainthood for each of these types. By limited, he meant being limited to a name and a limit and, by absolute, he meant being free from any kind of limitation so that the saint would be inclusive of all names, attributes, and essential epiphanies. General sainthood is for all believers; however, particular sainthood is exclusively for Prophet Muhammed (s) and his heirs. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Study of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i’s Argument on Referring the Theory of “Gradation of Existence” to the Theory of the “Individual Unity of Existence”
  Hossein  Kalbasi Ashtari Mehdi  Sa‘atchi
  The theory of the individual unity of being is the basis of gnostic ontology. Therefore, a number of gnostic researchers have tried to demonstrate this theory in order to defend and explain their standpoint in this regard. The contemporary philosopher and gnostic, ‘Alla More

  The theory of the individual unity of being is the basis of gnostic ontology. Therefore, a number of gnostic researchers have tried to demonstrate this theory in order to defend and explain their standpoint in this regard. The contemporary philosopher and gnostic, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, has also adduced some arguments in his works in order to prove this claim. In one of these arguments, through analyzing the argument of muta’allih philosophers concerning the congruent unity of being and its gradedness, he has demonstrated gnostics claim as to the individual unity of existence. This is an innovative and noteworthy argument regarding its way of reasoning, its dealing with the peripheral issues and different consequences of the problem and, particularly, its role in clarifying the relationship between the theories of gnostics and philosophers. After referring to each of these theories, the writers explain and analyze the above argument in this paper and examine some of its consequences. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Henry Corbin’s Studies of Islamic Gnosis with an Emphasis on Hermetic Tradition
  Hossein  Kalbasi Ashtari Hassan  Pashayi
  Based on the studies conducted by a group of Orientalists and Islamologists, the effects of Hermetic thoughts on not only Western religious and philosophical traditions but also on Iranian culture and Islamic philosophy, in general, and on Shaykh Ishraq’s works, in part More

  Based on the studies conducted by a group of Orientalists and Islamologists, the effects of Hermetic thoughts on not only Western religious and philosophical traditions but also on Iranian culture and Islamic philosophy, in general, and on Shaykh Ishraq’s works, in particular, have been quite noteworthy. As a result, a more accurate study of this topic could introduce some new horizons in the realm of comparative religions. Henry Corbin’s studies of Iranian wisdom and spirituality, which follow a phenomenological approach, have paid particular attention to this issue. In a sense, Hermes and Hermetism play significant roles in deciphering the messages of his works in this regard. In his research endeavors, Corbin has focused on Hermetic philosophy as the key to understanding the meanings of spirituality and wisdom. This paper is mainly intended to provide an analytic account of Hermetism, its relationship and interactions with Sufism and Shi‘ism with an emphasis on Corbin’s works. To this end, the writers initially review the structure and basic principles of the Hermetic tradition. Then they provide an analysis of the relationship between Hermetism and Sufism and Shi‘ism from Corbin’s point of view. Finally, they explore his Batini (esoteric) approach, which lies at the heart of his philosophy and underlies his distinctive method of scientific and spiritual wayfaring. Manuscript profile
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  4 - God’s Knowledge of Particulars in the Views of Ibn Sīnā and Thomas Aquinas
  Mohammad Mahmoodi Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari
  20.1001.1.15600874.1401.28.2.8.3
  One of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial More

  One of the fundamental questions in the field of philosophical theology is whether God has the knowledge of particulars. Some philosophers have tried to either demonstrate or deny the divine knowledge of particulars regardless of the term “God”, which is a controversial issue. In a philosophical tradition that began with Plato and Aristotle and was advocated by Ibn Sīnā, the divine knowledge of particulars is denied. However, within the framework of the same philosophical school, Thomas Aquinas, as a theologian, demonstrates this knowledge for God. In Ibn Sīnā’s view, there is a fundamental difference between quiddity and existence as two different levels of being. The Necessary Being is the cause of granting existence to quiddities and, thus, cannot know them in terms of their particulars, as they lack “existence” in separation from Him. However, Ibn Sīnā does not deny the divine knowledge of particulars through their “existence”. In Aquinas’ theological concept of God, as a personal God, the denial of the divine knowledge of particulars defaces the divine power. Moreover, in case of denying this Knowledge, Man, who is created by God, will be placed at a higher level than their Creator because they can gain the knowledge of particulars. Aquinas, who speaks as a theologian here, ignores the borderline between philosophy and theology and objects to Ibn Sīnā by stating that some universals such as “animal” and “human” cannot function as the distinctive features of a particular such as “Socrates” in comparison to others. The present paper provides a comparative analysis of the views of these two philosophers regarding God’s knowledge of particulars. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Problem of Immortality of the Soul in ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī’s Philosophy
  Ghasem  Pourhasan Hossein Kalbasi Ashtari Alireza  Kolbadinezad
  20.1001.1.15600874.1402.28.4.1.4
  ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī’s view of the immortality of the soul is based on his monotheistic worldview. He has tried to respond to the most challenging discussions and objections in relation to the immortality of the soul regarding the problems of essential happiness and affl More

  ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī’s view of the immortality of the soul is based on his monotheistic worldview. He has tried to respond to the most challenging discussions and objections in relation to the immortality of the soul regarding the problems of essential happiness and affliction, cancellation, excommunication, and immortality in chastisement. Relying on rational principles and the Transcendent Philosophy and through benefitting from some principles including the principiality of existence, the graded trans-substantial motion, the unity of the truth of the soul and gradation of existence, ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī has provided a new interpretation of the resurrection and eternity of the soul. Through propounding the problem of eternity, the present paper aims to explain its relation to human purposes and ultimate goals, which are the same as the realization of the true totality of human beings in the light of the soul’s resurrection and eternity. In line with this purpose, the authors have discussed the innovative aspects of his view concerning immortality as well as its epistemological consequences and outcomes. They have also tried to respond to some of the objections raised against the immortality of the soul based on ‘Allāmah’s principles. Manuscript profile