Philosophical Approach in Qur’anic Eschatology: Application of the Four Causes in Interpreting the Eschatological Verses Based on Al-Mīzān
Subject Areas : مطالعات حوزه فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی
Mohammad Reza Naghieh
1
,
Mostafa Sharifian
2
*
,
Mahdi Gangvar
3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 - PhD Student in Transcendent Philosophy, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Kalam, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Kalam, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: al-Mīzān, causality, four causes, philosophical interpretation, eschatology,
Abstract :
‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī considers the entire book of creation (order of being) and the book of revelation (the Holy Quran) to be based on the principle of causality and its branches. In his view, ignoring and denying this might render all intellectual truths and practical rulings invalid, which, by itself, could lead to serious damage in understanding and interpreting religious teachings. The central idea in the present paper is that the philosophical four causes play a serious and extensive role in interpreting eschatological verses in al-Mīzān, and ‘Allāmah has applied them in the systemization and explanation of the rulings of the world and the afterlife. Therefore, he is careful not to generalize and extend the principles specific to material things and the worldly aspects of existents to their otherworldly mode of existence. In the same vein, the instances of the aforementioned causes in al-Mīzān’s eschatology and their application in interpreting these verses have been identified and explained. Some of the eschatological issues in whose interpretation and explanation the four causes have played a role, and which have been studied in this paper include the following: The truthfulness of creation and divine actions; the necessity of resurrection; the universality of the resurrection of existents; their collective gathering; the extent of the goodness of creation; the role of vertical causes in resolving apparent contradictions between verses; the position of each of the unity or specific multiplicity of the human form; the path of the consequences of actions; the criteria for happiness, misery, and the levels and degrees of human beings; the truth of the world's annihilation; the truth of the phenomenon of soul-taking, terror, fright, the blowing of the trumpet, fright-induced death or fainting, resurrection, and the like.
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