List of Articles Roohallah  Daraei

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  1 - A Critical Reading of the Relationship between Imagination and Act: Sadrian Thought versus the Modern Philosophy of Act
  Roohallah  Daraei Tuba  Kermani
  One of the main problems of the philosophy of act is the explanation of the quality of the realization of human voluntary acts. A study of the ideas of Mulla Sadra, who has dealt with the whatness and functions of imagination following a new approach in his school of ph More

  One of the main problems of the philosophy of act is the explanation of the quality of the realization of human voluntary acts. A study of the ideas of Mulla Sadra, who has dealt with the whatness and functions of imagination following a new approach in his school of philosophy, reveals that, given the diffusion of the final cause and causal role of imagination and the imaginal faculty in acts, we can present a causal and rational explanation of voluntary acts and other-worldly bodies. A comparison of Mulla Sadra’s view and Davidson’s theory, known as the dual theory of “belief-desire”, indicates that this theory fails to provide a comprehensive explanation for the human voluntary actions. This is because, through ignoring the causal role of imagination and the imaginal faculty in voluntary acts, it has not provided an all-inclusive account of the acts that are influenced by imagination and imaginal faculty. Moreover, this theory considers belief to be one of the basic elements of all acts while affirmative belief does not have this function for all acts. For Mulla Sadra, philosophical psychology is a general title for the discussions about the accidents and acts of the soul, and what we call the philosophy of act is a sub-category of this discipline. He has tried to present a consistent and well-reasoned theory including the intention-act-agent relation through expanding and promoting the theory of faculties to the theory of the modes of the soul based on his own specific ontological theories, such as “the union of the intellect and the intelligible”, “the union of the object of desire and the willing”, “the union of imagination and the imagined”, “the theory of gradation”, “the trans-substantial motion of the soul”, and the belief in the diffusion of causality, including the spread of the final cause in the world of being. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Mulla Sadra and Two Principles of Presupposition and Affirmation of the Subsistent
  Tuba  Kermani Roohallah  Daraei
  A study of the principles dominating philosophical systems reveal some new aspects of philosophers’ ideas. In this paper, by examining the principle of “the affirmation of an object for another object is presupposed for the affirmation of the subsistent”, which is known More

  A study of the principles dominating philosophical systems reveal some new aspects of philosophers’ ideas. In this paper, by examining the principle of “the affirmation of an object for another object is presupposed for the affirmation of the subsistent”, which is known as the principle of affirmation, its consequences and its necessary interrelation with the principle of presupposition are explored. Since some authorities do not agree with the union of these two principles, while studying them, the various dimensions of their interaction are also analyzed. Some thinkers believe that they are concomitant with each other, while some others maintain that there is contrariety between them wherein the whatness and existence of each principle depends on those of the other. There are also two interpretations of the principle of presupposition which are, to some extent, rooted in accepting or rejecting the principle of the affirmation of the subsistent. Some Islamic philosophers also believe that accepting the principles of the affirmation of the subsistent and mutual copulative existence between them is one of Mulla Sadra’s innovations. They maintain that, in this way, he has put an end to the old argument of philosophers concerning the quality of the realization of secondary intelligibles and created a union between Platonists and the Peripatetics. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Clarification of Man’s Voluntary Act Based on an Explanation of Supplication (An Analysis of the Views of Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i on Supplication)
  Roohallah  Daraei Tuba  Kermani
  Today the whatness of Man’s voluntary act, its explanation, and the range of their free will in the world of being is studied under the topic of “philosophy of act”. Muslim philosophers have presented some noteworthy innovations and solutions in this realm as well. In t More

  Today the whatness of Man’s voluntary act, its explanation, and the range of their free will in the world of being is studied under the topic of “philosophy of act”. Muslim philosophers have presented some noteworthy innovations and solutions in this realm as well. In this tradition, supplication as a voluntary act is explored from two general aspects in both kalam and philosophy: its relationship with the Divine Will and its relationship with the necessity of the causal system. It was Ibn Sina who, for the first time, portrayed a framework for the problems related to this theme. However, some of his succeeding philosophers, such as Mir Damad, Mulla Sadra, Sabziwari, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, also made great contributions to the explanation and expansion of the realm of supplication through presenting a number of arguments and discussions. In this paper, the authors have examined the problem of supplication from the viewpoints of Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, and ‘Allamah Tabataba’i. A comparison of their views reveals that Ibn Sina has explained the problem of supplication within the causal system. He believes that each and every event is natural or voluntary at the level of affirmation, and natural, voluntary, or accidental at the level of demonstration. Accordingly, the difference between the “reason” and “cause” returns to the difference between the levels of affirmation and demonstration, and one cannot consider the reason and justification independent from the cause or clarification. While accepting the framework of Ibn Sina’s theory and considering supplication to be effective in the causal system, Mulla Sadra disagrees with him in certain respects. His explanation indicates that he considers a greater effect and range for the human voluntary act. Through believing in the gradation of existence, he advances two objections to Ibn Sina’s theory. When explaining the problem of supplication, Mulla Sadra refers to the gradation and union of the intellect and the intelligible; however, it is ‘Allamah Tabataba’i who provides a configuration for the expansion of the theory of the union of the intellect and intelligible when clarifying the concept of supplication, that is, explaining the relationship between the free will, the object of will, the will and, in the same vein, the relationship between the act, the agent, and the product. Through expanding Mulla Sadra’s view, ‘Allamah provides a more accurate explanation for supplication. Nevertheless, his view has been the target of criticism by some authorities. Manuscript profile